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Teenage childbearing and labor market implications for women
Teenage childbearing is less a cause of inferior labor market outcomes for women than a marker of other social problems in a girl’s life
Phillip B. Levine, July 2014It is not difficult to find statistics showing that teenage childbearing is associated with poor labor market outcomes, but why is this the case? Does having a child as a teenager genuinely affect a woman’s economic potential—or is it simply a marker of problems she might already be facing as a result of her social and family background? The answer to this question has important implications for policy measures that could be taken to improve women’s lives.MoreLess -
Wage compression and the gender pay gap
Wage-setting institutions narrow the gender pay gap but may reduce employment for some women
Lawrence M. Kahn, April 2015There are large international differences in the gender pay gap. In some developed countries in 2010–2012, women were close to earnings parity with men, while in others large gaps remained. Since women and men have different average levels of education and experience and commonly work in different industries and occupations, multiple factors can influence the gender pay gap. Among them are skill supply and demand, unions, and minimum wages, which influence the economywide wage returns to education, experience, and occupational wage differentials. Systems of wage compression narrow the gender pay gap but may also lower demand for female workers.MoreLess -
Policies to support women’s paid work
Policies in developing countries to improve women’s access to paid work should also consider child welfare
Gianna Claudia Giannelli, June 2015Engaging in paid work is generally difficult for women in developing countries. Many women work unpaid in family businesses or on farms, are engaged in low-income self-employment activities, or work in low-paid wage employment. In some countries, vocational training or grants for starting a business have been effective policy tools for supporting women’s paid work. Mostly lacking, however, are job and business training programs that take into account how mothers’ employment affects child welfare. Access to free or subsidized public childcare can increase women’s labor force participation and improve children’s well-being.MoreLess